CDC Occupational HIV Transmission and Prevention Among Health Care Workers

Introduction

HIV is a virus that can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk for occupational exposure to HIV through contact with blood or other bodily fluids of infected patients. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed guidelines to prevent occupational HIV transmission among HCWs.

Transmission of HIV in the Healthcare Setting

HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids, such as semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The virus can enter the body through cuts or abrasions on the skin or through mucous membranes, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth. HCWs are at risk for occupational exposure to HIV through contact with blood or other bodily fluids of infected patients. This can occur during procedures such as drawing blood, inserting intravenous lines, or performing surgery.

Preventing Occupational HIV Transmission

The CDC has developed guidelines to prevent occupational HIV transmission among HCWs. These guidelines include:

• Using standard precautions when handling blood or other bodily fluids of all patients.
• Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, and masks, when there is a risk of exposure to blood or other bodily fluids.
• Avoiding needlesticks and other sharps injuries.
• Using barrier devices, such as condoms, when performing procedures that involve sexual contact.
• Immediately reporting any exposures to blood or other bodily fluids of an infected patient.
• Receiving post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) if exposed to HIV.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

PEP is a course of antiretroviral medications that can be taken after an exposure to HIV to prevent infection. PEP should be started as soon as possible after exposure and should be taken for 28 days. PEP is effective in preventing HIV infection in most cases, but it is not 100% effective.

Conclusion

Occupational HIV transmission is a serious concern for HCWs. However, the risk of transmission can be minimized by following the CDC’s guidelines for prevention. HCWs who are exposed to HIV should immediately report the exposure and receive PEP to prevent infection.